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Nawal El Saadawi
Nawal El Saadawi ((アラビア語:نوال السعداوى), born October 27, 1931) is an Egyptian feminist writer, activist, physician and psychiatrist. She has written many books on the subject of women in Islam, paying particular attention to the practice of female genital mutilation in her society.
She is founder and president of (the Arab Women's Solidarity Association ) 〔Hitchcock, Peter, Nawal el Saadawi, Sherif Hetata. “Living the Struggle.” ''Transition'' 61 (1993): 170-179.〕 and co-founder of the Arab Association for Human Rights.〔Nawal El Saadawi. “Presentation by Nawal El Saadawi: President's Forum, M/MLA Annual Convention, November 4, 1999.” The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 33.3-34.1 (Autumn, 2000 - Winter, 2001): 34-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1315340.〕 She has been awarded honorary degrees on three continents. In 2004, she won the North-South prize from the Council of Europe. In 2005, she won the Inana International Prize in Belgium,〔"PEN World Voices Arthur Miller Freedom to Write Lecture by Nawal El Saadawi." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jue04c1_wkY&feature=related〕 and in 2012, the International Peace Bureau is awarded her with the 2012 Séan MacBride Peace Prize.
Nawal el Saadawi has held positions of Author for the Supreme Council for Arts and Social Sciences, Cairo; Director General of the Health Education Department, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Secretary General of Medical Association, Cairo, Egypt, and Medical Doctor, University Hospital and Ministry of Health. She is the founder of Health Education Association and the Egyptian Women Writer’s Association; she was Chief Editor of ''Health Magazine'' in Cairo, Egypt and Editor of ''Medical Association Magazine''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nawal El Saadawi )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nawal El Saadawi )〕
== Early life ==
Saadawi was born in 1931 in the small village of Kafr Tahla, the second eldest of nine children. Her family was at once traditional and progressive: El Saadawi was "circumcised", her clitoris cut off,〔http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/apr/15/nawal-el-saadawi-egyptian-feminist〕 at the age of six, yet her father insisted that all his children be educated.〔 Her father was a government official in the Ministry of Education, who had campaigned against the rule of the British occupation of Egypt and Sudan during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919. As a result he was exiled to a small town in the Nile Delta and the government punished him by not promoting him for 10 years. He was relatively progressive and taught her self-respect and to speak her mind. He also encouraged her to study the Arabic language. Both her parents died at a young age,〔 leaving Saadawi with the sole burden of providing for a large family.〔(Exile and Resistance )〕
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